Когда мы говорим людям, что другой человек сказал или подумал, мы часто используем косвенную речь. Для этого нам нужно изменить времена глаголов (present, past, и т.д.) и местоимения (I, you, my, your, etc.). Например, present становится past, I становится he или she, а my становится his или her и т. д.

• John: ‘Idon’t have time.’ ⇒ John said that he didn’t have time.
• Pam: ‘I am tired .’ ⇒ He said that she was tired.

Упускаем «that»
Мы часто опускаем «that» после reporting verbs (глаголы отчетности), такие как say, think и т.д

• She said she was late. (=She said that she was late.)
• I thought I would get the job.

say or tell?
Наиболее распространенные глаголы, которые мы используем в сообщаемой речи, это say и tell. Мы должны обратить внимание здесь. Используем tell, когда говорим кому-то что-то и say,когда говорим что-то (кому-то).

• They told me (that) they would help me. (NOT They said me they would help me.)
• He said (that) he didn’t have a car. (NOT He told that he didn’t have a car.)

Чтобы сообщить о том, что уже произошло, мы переносим present tense в the past, the past tense в the past perfect, и the future tense в условное наклонение:

1. Present → Past

Present Simple → Past Simple

• He said, “I love you."
• → He said he loved me.

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

• He said, “I am buying a new car.”
• → He said that he was buying a new car.

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

• She said, “I have bought some pizza.”
• → She said that she had bought some pizza.

Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

• She said, “I have been running for three hours.”
• → She said that she had been running for three hours.

1. Past → Past Perfect

Past Simple → Past Perfect

• He said, “I arrived on Monday.”
• → He said that he had arrived on Monday.

Past Perfect → Past Perfect

• He told me, “We had gone to the stadium.”
• → He told me that they had gone to the stadium.

Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

• He told me, “We were drinking tea.”
• → He told me that they had been drinking tea.

1. Future → Conditional

Future Simple → Present Conditional

• They said, “They will come to the party.”
• → They said that they would come to the party.

Future Continuous → Conditional Continuous

• He said, “I will be working on Saturday.”
• → He said that he would be working on Saturday.

Время и место в косвенной речи
direct speech →reported speech
now →then, at that time
today→ that day, on Sunday, yesterday
tonight→ that night, last night, on Sunday night
tomorrow→ the next day/ the following day, today
yesterday→ the day before/ the previous day, on Sunday
last night→ the night before/ the previous night,
this week→ that week, last week
last month→the month before/ the previous month,
next year→ the following year, in 2014
two minutes→ ago two minutes before
in one hour→ one hour later
here → there
this → that

• She said, "I saw Mary yesterday.→"She said she had seen Mary the day before.
• He said: "We are going to swim tomorrow." → He said they were going to swim the next day.
• Bill said, "The last time I saw the doctor was a year ago."→ Bill said that the last time he saw the doctor was a year before.

Вопросы в косвенной речи
Используем прямой порядок слов
Вопросы с прямой речью, спрашивающие "who", "what", "when", "where", "why", и "how", могут быть перефразированы в формате косвенной речи.

• "Who are you talking to?" she asked. →She asked me who I was talking to.
• My mom asked me, "What are you doing?" → My mom asked me what I was doing.
• Craig asked, "When are we leaving?" → Craig asked when we were leaving.
• My dad asked, "Where are you meeting?" → My dad asked where we were meeting.
• My sister asked me,"Why are you so sad?" → My sister asked me why I was so sad.
• "How are you doing?" Jane asked. → Jane asked how I was doing.

Вопросы с прямой речью, требующие ответов «yes» или «no», можно перефразировать в формате косвенной речи. Вопросы «Yes или no» переформатируются с использованием «if/whether». Формат косвенной речи: «спросить + если + предложение».

• He asked, "Do you speak English?" → He asked if I spoke English.
• My mom asked me, "Are you hungry?" →My mom asked me whether I was hungry.
• My mom asked, "Have you eaten?" →My mom asked if I had eaten.
• Sally asked, "Can you ride a bike?" →Sally asked whether I could I ride a bike.
• John asked, "Is it raining?" →John asked if it was raining.